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seawater desalination tagged articles (0-50 of 53)

  • Water Desalination Makes Seawater Palatable - These days, when mankind finds a way to run a natural resource dry, it seems to find an answer to its replenishment. Gasoline prices in the U.S. are soaring, but alternatives abound in the form of ethanol, bio diesel, and even recycled kitchen grease.
  • Desalination Part 4 of 4: Measuring the Impact - A bigger problem may be the leftover brine, which typically contains twice as much salt as seawater and is discharged back into the ocean. So far little scientific information exists about its long-term effects.
  • Desalination Part 2 of 4: No Salt, Please - Continued from Desalination Part 1: Tapping the Ocean This reduced the energy consumption of sugar refining by up to 80%, says James Birkett of West Neck Strategies, a desalination consultancy based in Nobleboro, Maine. But it took about 50 years for the idea to make its way from one industry to another. Only in the late 19th century did multi-effect evaporators for desalination begin to appear on steamships and in arid countries such as Yemen and Sudan. A few multi-effect distillation plants were built in the first half of the 20th century, but a flaw in the system hampered its widespread adoption. Mineral deposits tended to build up on heat-exchange surfaces, and this inhibited the transfer of energy. In the 1950s a new type of thermal-desalination process, called multi-stage flash, reduced this problem.
  • Desalination Part 1 of 4: Tapping the Ocean - THERE are vast amounts of water on earth. Unfortunately, over 97% of it is too salty for human consumption and only a fraction of the remainder is easily accessible in rivers, lakes or groundwater.
  • Desalination Part 3 of 4: Getting Better All the Time - Continued from Desalination Part 2: No Salt, Please.......... In the late 1970s John Cadotte of America’s Midwest Research Institute and the FilmTec Corporation created a much-improved membrane by using a special cross-linking reaction between two chemicals atop a porous backing material. His composite membrane consisted of a very thin layer of polyamide, to perform the separation, and a sturdy support beneath it. Thanks to the membrane’s improved water flux, and its ability to tolerate pH and temperature variations, it went on to dominate the industry. At around the same time, the first reverse-osmosis plants for seawater began to appear. These early plants needed a lot of energy. The first big municipal seawater plant, which began operating in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 1980, required more than 8 kilowatt hours (kWh) to produce one cubic metre of drinking water.
  • Potable Water from Sea and Wind - Western Australia's Water Corporation is on track to produce drinking water form a 45GL/a desalination plant located in Kwinana, 25km south of Perth. The plant is being built by proAlliance - a 50/50 joint venture between West Australian construction company Multiplex and French water treatment company Degremont. Degremont will operate the 140,000m3/d plant for 25 years under a public-private partnership with the West Australian government-owned Water Corporation. The construction cost is $387 million.
  • The Benefits Of Desalination Systems - Water provides so many benefits to people’s lives and to the various things they use in their home, at work or in their businesses. However, it’s not always that we get pure, clean water for personal, commercial or industrial use. And this is the reason why we have today water makers such marine water makers, water purification and commercial sea water desalination systems to help us enjoy clean and potable water in our daily lives. At home, people normally use the portable water purifiers or water makers. This is an important device especially for families with babies who are very particular about the water they drink every day.
  • Modern Alchemy: Wind to Water - The Perth SWRO plant in Western Australia utilizes a combination of clean wind power and the highest efficiency ERD available for one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly desalination plants in world.
  • SWRO Design and Energy Recovery Part 2: Hydropro Design - Design Requirements Traditionally Hydropro has always put the needs of the customer into the forefront of its company philosophy. By doing this, Hydropro has always stayed abreast of the latest advancements in technology in the water treatment field. In this case, mostly because of the remote location (nearly everything, including fuel for the diesel generators, is delivered by ship), the most important customer needs were associated with conserving energy and maintaining reliability. Availability of replacement parts was also a major concern due to the remote location and the lead-time required to ship items to the island.

  • Seawater Desalination: Water, water, Everywhere - Water-short California's search to satisfy its thirst is beginning to focus on a controversial source -- the Pacific Ocean. In November, Connecticut-based Poseidon Resources Corp. won a key regulatory approval to build a $300 million water-desalination plant in Carlsbad, north of San Diego. The facility would be the largest in the Western Hemisphere, producing 50 million gallons of drinking water a day, enough to supply about 100,000 homes.
  • How to Design and Operate a PX® System Part 2 - ABSTRACT The new pressure exchanger (PX) device transfers the energy from the concentrate stream directly to the feed stream. This direct, positive displacement approach results in a net transfer efficiency of over 95%.
  • SWRO Design and Energy Recovery Part 3: Major Component Selection - The sand screens and micron filters were selected because of the durable and corrosion resistant fiberglass and PVC construction. The specific model of Eden micron filters was chosen to maintain the filter element flux at approximately 3.3 gpm/per 10" equivalent. Due to the relative remoteness of the installation site, multistage-centrifugal, high-pressure pumps have been selected for their reliability, availability of parts, economics of operation and easy maintenance. Centrifugal pumps in general are smoother, quieter, and require less ancillary equipment (i.e. pulsation dampeners) than positive displacement pumps.
  • Enjoy Freshwater All The Time With Watermakers - Advanced technology has truly helped make people’s lives easier, more convenient and even healthier. Just take the case of the water we use every day whether for personal, commercial or industrial use. Thanks to the technology of watermakers, we are now able to savor pure, fresh water without having to worry about its effects on our health and on the things we use them for. An important use of watermakers is for sea vessels like sail or power boats and yachts.
  • SWRO Design and Energy Recovery Part 1 - Conventional Design Previously, the standard Hydropro design for SWRO with energy recovery incorporated a single multistage centrifugal pump (or positive displacement) with a Hydraulic Turbo Booster. This design is fairly simple and generally does not require a significant increase in system controls or instrumentation and is for the most part a sound, and energy efficient SWRO design. The hydraulic turbo booster converts the hydraulic energy of the concentrate stream to mechanical energy and then applies this mechanical energy to the full flow of the feed stream in the form of a considerable pressure boost. In a single stage SWRO system, the energy benefit associated with this type of energy recovery device is realized solely in the form of lower pressure (and thus lower horsepower) requirements for the high pressure feed pump.
  • How to Design and Operate a PX® System Part 1 - ABSTRACT The new pressure exchanger (PX) device transfers the energy from the concentrate stream directly to the feed stream. This direct, positive displacement approach results in a net transfer efficiency of over 95%.
  • How To Make Water From Air - Global warming brings many water problems. One way around them is to use desalination. Another is to obtain water from air! Several products are in development or are on the market already. You watch - this trend will become a tsunami. Global warming causes water shortages through droughts and disappearing glaciers.
  • The Health Benefits of Living at a Beach House - Thoughts of living at a beach house, for most of us, brings about images of clear blue skies and beautiful tropical blue beaches as we call up fantasies of ultimate relaxation and well-being. But what brings about these feelings? You may think it's just a result of clever advertising or a built in instinctive urge to return to the sea from where we first came but it's not.
  • Maintaining A Freshwater Aquarium - Freshwater aquariums are preferred among aquarium hobbyists for the apparent reason that they require very low maintenance.
  • Discover Why Advanced Water Purification Technology is Essential For Your Health & Wellbeing - As all things develop, options increase. Water purification technology is no different. While the methods of water purification are varied, not all are created equal. Problems Associated with the Earlier Methods One of the oldest active methods of water purification is distillation. While not very advanced by any means, it set the standard for water purification technology. The process is simple.
  • Civil Engineers: Engineering A Move To Australia - Australia is a Civil Engineers dream - a continent of vast wealth and resources combined with the ever present dangers of earthquakes, cyclones, fires, floods, and droughts. These are the essential ingredients that ensure exciting challenges and innovative developments in civil engineering design. Yet there is a shortage of civil engineers which makes it difficult to meet the demands of Australia’s ever expanding economy.
  • Discover The Best Beaches In Tenerife With Car Hire - Sunny Tenerife is a year-round destination where visitors enjoy wonderful choice in terms of pretty beaches and secluded coves. With Tenerife car hire you’ll find a beach to match every type of holiday on the island, from active fun to lazy sunshine breaks. The following is a selection of the most beautiful beaches worth discovering with Tenerife car hire. Best for Sun Worshipping: Playa De La Arena, Santiago Del Teide The exotic black sands of Playa De La Arena are situated just a short drive from the pretty fishing village of Puerto Santiago. Playa De La Arena is purported to receive the most sunlight in Tenerife, so you’re guaranteed to get a good colour here.
  • History Of The Me® Mineral Essentials Water - About 600 million years ago, when the North American continent was much smaller than today, a shallow sea formed in the area that is now the Great Lakes region. The sea occupied a large basin, at times almost circular in shape, perhaps not unlike the modem Gulf of Mexico.
  • Living With An Iodine Allergy - Exactly what do you need to know about an iodine allergy? Are you allergic to iodine? If you have never been in contact with iodine how would you know? Are you allergic to fish?
  • Does Reverse Osmosis Make Water Safe to Drink? - There are numerous disadvantages of reverse osmosis. We can quibble over functionality and intended purpose, but, "does reverse osmosis make water safe to drink" is the real question. The Advantages of Reverse Osmosis Before we jump headfirst into the many disadvantages of reverse osmosis, we should take a moment to reflect on its strength. Desalination. If you want to drink from the ocean, reverse osmosis is really your only stop. The Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis Now, the first of the disadvantages of reverse osmosis is de-mineralization. A problem from a general health standpoint. No matter how contaminated, there are natural minerals in water which are important to the body.
  • Energy Blowing In The Wind - Wind power has long been a source of renewable energy, as evidenced by the many windmills of centuries past. The flow of air is used to run wind turbines, some of which can produce up to 5 megawatts of power. The most common wind turbines for renewable energy used commercially produce between 1.5 and 3 megawatts.
  • Preventive Maintenance on Sea Fishing Tackle is a Must - It is important that you take proper care of your sea fishing tackle. It extends their life, prevents accidents that may result from their damage, and helps you enjoy the sport more. Part of being a good fisherman is knowing how the proper maintenance of your sea fishing tackle is done. It is very, very important that you know how to take good care of your sea fishing tackle. After all, no matter how good a fisherman you are, your performance in the pursuit of the sport will only be as good as the condition of your fishing gear. The fact is that you cannot expect your fishing gear to be in good condition if you do not take good care of it.
  • Atlantis, The Palm: Oasis in the Arabian Gulf - Surrounded by the calm waters of the Arabian Gulf, Atlantis Hotel rises proudly from the largest man-made island in the world. It is a perfect example of modern dynamic architectural development. Situated on the apex of the Palm Jumeirah's crescent this hotel was erected as a reflection of the spectacular Atlantis, Paradise Island in the Bahamas. Atlantis Resort, Dubai accommodates more than 1,500 guests in the magnificent Royal Towers. There are also numerous meeting facilities that include the Royal Palm Ballroom and Palm Terrace, which looks out over the tropical surroundings and tranquil waters between the central fronds and crescent of the Palm Jumeira. The Spa and Fitness centre offers rejuvenating treatments and therapies. Extending over 2 floors in the Royal Towers, the spa has 27 superb treatment rooms.
  • Attractions In Plymouth, Historic Naval City - The City of Plymouth, which is located on the South West coast of England, is becoming extremely popular with tourists from around the world.
  • Himalayan Sea Salt versus White Table Salt - Salt is salt. . . right? Learn the difference between commercial salt and natural, organic, gourmet Himalayan sea salt crystal. Most people buy iodized salt from the grocery store and don't think a thing about it. They don't realize that good Himalayan sea salt can help give them good health, while refined salt can create some health risks. Salt comes from the sea. It may have been laid down centuries ago in salt deposits, or it may have been dehydrated from pure seawater. Grocery store salt is different from salt from natural sources. It has been heated-up to 1200° F.!-and refined to remove most of the natural elements. Grocery store salt is mostly chemical sodium chloride, while natural Himalayan sea salt has up to 84 natural minerals in it. Your body craves natural salt.
  • Disease In Saltwater Aquariums - If a fish or coral in your saltwater aquarium contracts a disease, it is essential that you are able to identify this right away and quarantine any infected livestock, or you will quickly have an epidemic on your hands which will be distressing. Of course, not all diseases will be fatal to your livestock, and most are treatable. But, to prevent all of your livestock from perishing, you must act quickly. Here are some tips to help.
  • The Facts About Dead Sea Products For Your Face And Body - The Dead Sea has been a source of healthy and beneficial salts and minerals for the skin for thousands of years. Now, there are large numbers of Dead Sea products for your face and body that you can avail of. Not many people are aware of the wonders of Dead Sea products and their benefits, but beauty consultant Miri Khutoretsky, with her wide knowledge and experience in cosmetics and dermatology, advises the use of these products because of their genuine and fast-acting effects on the skin.
  • Property - Property investment is an ideal option if a person wants to expand his/her financial assets. The owner has the prerogative of updating the property as per his own wishes whilst having the exclusive right to use it whenever he wants for his own benefit. Properties are of various types like personal property, real property and intellectual property. All movable properties are classified as personal properties whereas all immovable properties are termed as real property or real estate. The unique difference between the two types is that movable properties can depreciate with time whereas immovable properties do not. Stocks, bonds and other financial products fall under the category of abstract property which also comes under personal property.
  • A Secret Soothing Beach - Once upon a time on the coast nearby there was/is a beach. It is a beautiful beach on a bay. A river flows by it every day into the bay. The sand is warm.
  • What Should Every Men and Woman Know About Strontium? - Strontium and Calcium are kind like cousins. They both has double charges in ionic forms and placed in the same column in the period table. In fact, strontium is placed right below calcium at position 38. Strontium does play some role in our body, some are similar to calcium like helping the bone and connective tissue formation, and as you will know soon, strontium also play some other important roles for our skin. Source of Strontium: Our earth has ample supply of strontium in the crust. 0.
  • Shocking Shark Videos - Shark videos are for the purpose of educating people about the basic facts of the greatest predator under the sea. Sharks are one of the nature’s greatest predator and highly intelligent species.
  • The Mirage - Owned by MGM Mirage, this Hawaiian-themed, 3,000 room hotel is as much an entertainment complex as a place to stay. Over 40 years ago it was known as Castaways. But it's as up-to-the-minute fresh as any place in Vegas now.
  • Weather Fronts Are A Factor Of Air Movement - Interaction between the Earth's atmosphere and sun's heat is a never-ending process and is always a constant. Every part of the atmosphere doesn't get heated up equivalently at the same time. This in-equivalence makes the large masses of air to move about as an automatic response of the atmosphere to balance itself. The varied types of weather are a direct result of this mass movement of air. The existing air mass in a region gets encountered that is already there when another air mass moves in. front is the boundary that is created between these two air masses. Cold front is when the cold air replaces the warm air and when cold front gets replaced, it is known as a warm front.
  • Resilience Wins! - As a travel agent, I am honoured to see countries around the world. The thing that never ceases to surprise me is the resilience of both the people and the land itself of different countries. In September 2004, the Cayman Islands were hit by a monstrous hurricane. Most of the devastation was apparent on the showpiece of the Islands – Grand Cayman. Grand Cayman's sister islands – Cayman Brac and Little Cayman were spared most of the impact from this hurricane and yet the people of these islands suffered along with their fellow countrymen. In May 2006, less than a year after this horror, we had the opportunity to visit these islands and could not have been more surprised.
  • Global Warming Topics - The past 100 years has seen the Earths surface warm up approximately 0.6°C. Over these 100 years there has been a massive increase in man made greenhouse gasses, mainly down to the effects of burning fossil fuels and the depletion of forest and woodland.
  • Aruba's Golden Brew - After spending a few days in Aruba, you might notice a unique brand of beer served at every bar and restaurant on the island.
  • Disaster Recovery Services: Types of Water Damage - Water damage is caused by a number of things including flooding, burst or leaky pipes, fire hoses, and regular humidity.
  • “Functional Strength”: a matter for Bodybuilding - "Functional strength": There are those words again. They rank right up there with "quality muscle" when it comes to people in the fitness industry uttering meaningless jargon that sounds profound on the surface. Of what part of my weight lifting-built strength isn't functional? At the risk of sounding like a macho jerk; if I wanted to, I could probably slam my fist through the wall that's behind my computer monitor. That's pretty functional.
  • Aquamarine – March's Gemstone Of Ocean Dreams - Aquamarine is a semi-precious gemstone frequently incorporated into some of the most modern, beautiful handmade jewelry in the world. It is most often found in shades of clear ocean blue, and is widely recognized as the March Birthstone and the gemstone for the 18th anniversary. But beyond its modern-day uses and associations, aquamarine holds a decadent mythological, spiritual and etymological history that adds nostalgic value to its already strong aesthetic worth. Read on for more information that will help you fall in love with your aquamarine jewelry – or inspire you to buy some today! The beautiful Aquamarine is semi-precious, a light greenish blue to a vibrant blue variety of the species beryl, which makes it a relative of the Emerald. The name Aquamarine is derived from Latin, meaning seawater.
  • Fuel Alternatives and Energy Sources. - Fuel Alternatives, the 20th century has built itself mostly around energy produced from nonrenewable sources with harmful emissions, presently much of the world uses oil/gas and nuclear power, and (a renewable source) hydroelectric for power production.
  • The History Of Spa Treatments And Their Different Types - Spas originated in Belgium during the 16th Century. The term spa is generally associated with a type of water treatment also known as “balneotheraphy”. Spa towns or spa resorts offer such treatment.
  • An Open Invitation to Mr. Gore - Al Gore, our former Vice President and Nobel Prize recipient, has done more than any other human being to warn the world of an impending, global, ecological crisis. On November 9, 2008 he published an OP-ED article in the New York Times explaining his five-part plan for avoiding this major disaster. He introduces his plan by saying "It is a plan that would simultaneously move us towards solutions to the climate crisis and the economic crisis - and create millions of jobs that cannot be outsourced." Let us review his five points.
  • Why the Earth is Overheating - The industrial revolution and the rapid development of the world's economies during the last two centuries were driven by the accelerating use of energy. Steam engines began to burn wood and coal.
  • Securing Energy Independence for the USA - Crude oil prices have reached $140. The US dollar has lost hugely against the Euro and the Canadian dollar. Petroleum prices will continue their unstoppable surge, which is driven by steadily increasing demand, Wall Street speculation, and OPEC refusal to meet demand. Present and previous US administrations have made no serious efforts to develop effective countermeasures. The attempt of the Bush administration to gain control of oil in the Middle East has failed. Highly subsidized US ethanol production from corn has not made a dent in petroleum demand, but has led to a huge rise in worldwide grain and food prices. Instead, the administration and many politicians are demanding energy conservation and a failing "Cap and Trade" permit system. Drilling for oil in Alaska and offshore is another request by oil lobbyists. Countermeasures have not contributed anything to produce supplies.
  • Breaking the OPEC Chains - Worldwide demand for petroleum is increasing. Crude oil prices have topped $135 per barrel. Oil prices have been on a steady climb for a long time. Dwindling OPEC oil reserves and a weak dollar are driving petroleum prices to new heights. The US government has made no serious efforts to develop effective countermeasures. Instead, energy conservation, ethanol production from corn, and a failing "Cap and Trade" permit system are hyped by politicians. Exploding grain prices have exposed the ethanol hoax and made poor people across the world scramble for food. Coal and oil sands are used to produce petroleum substitutes and increase greenhouse gas emissions. The "Cap and Trade" concept was tried in Europe. The concept is deeply flawed. It does not provide lasting relief. It merely delays the day of reckoning for a few years.
  • Why Is Turkey Hot? - Apart from any considerations of climate, Turkey is hot in another very important way. Its resort towns are booming tourist destinations or Europeans as well as North Americans and this looks set to continue for the long term.

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